Decreased myocardial adenyl cyclase activity in hypothyroidism

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Abstract
It has been suggested that hypothyroidism may alter the responsiveness of the heart to sympathetic stimulation. To define more precisely the interrelationship between hypothyroidism and catecholamine responsiveness we: (a) studied the effects of norepinephrine and fluoride on the activation of adenyl cyclase in the particulate fraction of heart homogenates from euthyroid and hypothyroid cats; and (b) assessed the contractile response of isolated right ventricular papillary muscles from the same cats to increasing concentrations of norepinephrine. It was found that maximal accumulation of cyclic 3′,5′-adenosine monophosphate (3′,5′-AMP) was significantly lower at peak norepinephrine concentrations in the hypothyroid (284 ±5 pmoles) than in the euthyroid group (326 ±10 pmoles) (P < 0.02). However, the Km for norepinephrine was similar in both groups (1-2 × 10-5 moles/liter), and there was no apparent change in the threshold concentration. Fluoride-mediated increases in Cyclic 3′,5′-AMP accumulation were also significantly lower in the hypothyroid (585 ±25 pmoles) as compared to the euthyroid group (790 ±20 pmoles) (P < 0.02). In contrast, norepinephrine produced a similar augmentation of contractility in isolated papillary muscles from the hypothyroid and euthyroid cats. It thus appears that although the hypothyroid state is associated with a decrease in the total amount of myocardial adenyl cyclase per milligram of tissue capable of being activated by norepinephrine or fluoride, there is no change in the sensitivity of the enzyme to norepinephrine stimulation. Moreover, the finding that the inotropic response to norepinephrine is unaltered in hypothyroidism is compatible with the hypothesis that only a fraction of the total intracellular cyclic 3′,5′-AMP produced by norepinephrine activation of adenyl cyclase is required to elicit the inotropic response.