SCALE NUCLEATION ON A HEAT TRANSFER SURFACE AND ITS PREVENTION

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Abstract
A review is presented of the parameters influencing the nucleation of scale from natural waters on a heat transfer surface and its prevention. Little is known about this phenomenon in comparison to subsequent scale growth. The importance of variations in pressure and temperature, which directly change the saturation limit of the scaling species, are emphasized. The influence of fluid motion, the type of heat transfer surface material and its condition, on scale nucleation, is also discussed. Both chemical and physical methods of water treatment used to prevent nucleation and growth of scale are reviewed. It is considered that more work is required before a full understanding of scale nucleation can be obtained and optimum preventative measures undertaken.