Alcohol and drug dependence: syndrome, strong attachment or everyday behaviour?

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Abstract
The concept of the dependence syndrome has largely replaced that of ‘alcoholism’ and ‘addiction’ in official classifications of alcohol‐ and drug‐related disorders. However, the utility of the concept has been widely disputed by psychologists and other social scientists. The authors of this paper, both clinical psychologists, hold opposing positions on this issue. Following a brief statement of these positions and an outline of the dependence syndrome, the authors debate a range of disputed issues.