Diastolic Dysfunction in Arterial Hypertension

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Abstract
Left ventricular diastolic properties are important markers of pump function and are frequently abnormal when myocardial insults alter tissue structure. Alterations can be limited to the early diastolic phase (early active relaxation) or to late diastolic filling (late ventricular compliance), but more often involve regulation of both phases of diastole. In asymptomatic patients with arterial hypertension, left ventricular relaxation is often prolonged, independently, at least in part, of cardiac loading conditions and left ventricular geometry, but this abnormality is associated with early signs of systolic dysfunction. Uncontrolled hypertension, diabetes, and obesity are most often associated with ischemic heart disease and impaired diastolic function. Reducing blood pressure with antihypertension therapy will reduce myocardial afterload, regress LVH, and improve systolic and diastolic function. In patients with symptoms of CHF with a normal ejection fraction, however, changes in therapy may be indicated. Greater emphasis should be placed on using medications that decrease myocardial load, but also reduce the effects of neurohormonal activation.