Effects of Dihydrofusarubin and Isomarticin fromFusarium solanion Carbohydrate Status and Metabolism of Rough Lemon Seedlings

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Abstract
Rough lemon citrus seedlings inoculated with Fusarium solani and seedlings suspended with their roots in solutions of the F. solani-produced naphthoquinones dihydrofusarubin (DHF, 100 mg L-1) and isomarticin (50 mg L-1) developed similar with symptoms. Only those seedlings treated with DHF developed chlorosis symptoms. Total soluble and reducing sugars and starch were reduced in inoculated plants, but only starch was consistently reduced in naphthoquinone-treated plants. Total protein did not differ between inoculated plants, naphthoquinone-treated plants, and their controls. DHF-treated plants were evaluated for chlorophylls a and b and ATPase activity, and no differences were present in the treated versus the control plants. In general, naphthoquinone-treated plants, as well as inoculated plants, accumulated more minerals in leaves than did control plants. Respiration increased in DHF-treated plants both in a greenhouse and in a growth chamber. This respiration response was studied in growth chamber experiments with the inhibitors dinitrophenol, sodium azide, salicylhydroxamic acid, and sodium fluoride. These studies suggested that respiration is stimulated via mitochondrial oxidases.