Expression of 11β-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase, Glucocorticoid Receptor, and Mineralocorticoid Receptor Genes in Rat Ovary1

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Abstract
A new concept in reproductive endocrinology is that the status of the ovary as a glucocorticoid target organ alters with follicular development. Evidence for a physiological role of glucocorticoids in the regulation of ovarian folliculogenesis has been strengthened by the discovery that 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (11βHSD) mRNA expression in human granulosa cells is developmentally regulated. In this study, we quantified the pattern of expression and investigated the cellular location of 11βHSD type 1 (11βHSD1), 11βHSD type 2 (11βHSD2), glucocorticoid receptor (GR), and mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) mRNAs during follicular maturation in rat ovary. Immature female rats received treatment with eCG to induce preovulatory follicular development or eCG followed by hCG to induce luteinization. 11βHSD1, 11βHSD2, GR, and MR mRNAs were all detectable by ribonuclease protection assay in ovarian total RNA. Treatment with eCG alone caused an ∼8-fold increase in the ovarian level of 11βHSD1 mRNA, which rose to ∼30-fold after additional treatment with hCG. Equine CG alone did not measurably affect the ovarian 11βHSD2 mRNA level, but additional treatment with hCG reduced it to 34% of the control level. Expression of GR mRNA was unchanged by any gonadotropin treatment, while MR mRNA was down-regulated. A similar pattern of 11βHSD1, 11βHSD2, GR, and MR mRNA expression was observed in isolated granulosa cells. These results provide direct experimental evidence that 11βHSD genes are gonadotropically regulated in the rat ovary, including granulosa cells, and are consistent with a shift in glucocorticoid metabolism from inactivation (due to oxidation by 11βHSD2) to activation (reduction by 11βHSD1) during hCG-induced granulosa cell luteinization.