Physical processes in the benthic boundary layer

Abstract
The benthic, or bottom, boundary layer is the region of the ocean adjacent to the ocean floor. Bottom-generated turbulence mixes properties such as temperature and salinity to produce a homogeneous layer a few tens of metres thick. The physical structure of the layer affects biological, chemical and geological processes at or near the ocean floor and how these processes communicate with the ocean interior. Recent observations have uncovered a richness in structure of the layer; benthic fronts, benthic storms, fluid ejection and enhanced mixing behind sea-mounts. Results from observational and modelling studies is reviewed. The implications for the dispersion of tracers and residence time within the layer is discussed.

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