Glacier calving: a numerical model of forces in the calving-speed/water-depth relation
- 1 January 2000
- journal article
- Published by International Glaciological Society in Journal of Glaciology
- Vol. 46 (153) , 188-196
- https://doi.org/10.3189/172756500781832792
Abstract
Empirical data suggest that the rate of calving of grounded glaciers terminating in water is directly proportional to the water depth. Important controls on calving may be the extent to which a calving face tends to become oversteepened by differential flow within the ice and the extent to which bending moments promote extrusion and bottom crevassing at the base of a calving face. Numerical modelling suggests that the tendency to become oversteepened increases roughly linearly with water depth. In addition, extending longitudinal deviatoric stresses at the base of a calving face increase with water depth. These processes provide a possible physical explanation for the observed calving-rate/water-depth relation.Keywords
This publication has 27 references indexed in Scilit:
- Fracture mechanics approach to penetration of bottom crevasses on glaciersCold Regions Science and Technology, 1998
- Fracture mechanics approach to penetration of surface crevasses on glaciersCold Regions Science and Technology, 1998
- Austdalsbreen, Norway: Expected reaction to a 40 m increase in water level in the lake into which the glacier calvesCold Regions Science and Technology, 1989
- On the deposition of sediment within glacier-influenced fjords: Oceanographic controlsMarine Geology, 1989
- Columbia Bay, Alaska: an ‘upside down’ estuaryEstuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science, 1988
- A laboratory and theoretical study of the boundary layer adjacent to a vertical melting ice wall in salt waterJournal of Fluid Mechanics, 1981
- The seasonal circulation of the Glacier Bay, Alaska fjord systemEstuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science, 1981
- Techniques of Finite ElementsJournal of Applied Mechanics, 1980
- Melting of Ice in Sea Water: A Primitive Model with Application to the Antarctic Ice Shelf and IcebergsJournal of Physical Oceanography, 1979
- The creep of polycrystalline iceProceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series A. Mathematical and Physical Sciences, 1955