Autologous stem cell transplantation in multiple myeloma: outcome in patients with renal failure

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Abstract
The impact of renal failure on prognosis of multiple myeloma patients treated with high-dose chemotherapy and stem cell support is incompletely studied. A total of 137 patients received high-dose chemotherapy with autologous transplantation at our centre. The patient population was divided into three groups based on their estimated creatinine clearance (Ccr); renal failure defined as Ccr < 60 mL/min: Group A: normal renal function both at diagnosis and at transplant (n = 78), Group B: renal failure at diagnosis but normal renal function at transplant (n = 30), Group C: renal failure both at diagnosis and at transplant (n = 29). There were no differences in the number of stem cells harvested, time to engraftment or response to transplantation between the groups. Ten of the patients in Group C had a normalisation of renal function post-transplant. Significantly longer hospitalisation, increased use of blood products and increased number of infections were seen in Group C compared to Groups A and B. The transplant-related mortality was 17% in Group C compared to 0% and 1% in Groups B and A respectively. Eight patients were on dialysis during transplant and four of these died within the first 100 d post-transplant. Disease response was similar in the three groups. Overall survival was significantly longer in Group A than in Groups B and C. High-dose chemotherapy with autologous transplantation is feasible in MM with renal failure. Whereas patients with moderate renal insufficiency seem to benefit from this treatment, patients in need for dialysis at the time of transplant must be carefully evaluated before proceeding to high-dose chemotherapy.