A fast UV/visible pyrometer for shock temperature measurements to 20 000 K

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Abstract
An ultraviolet/visible pyrometer is described which can measure shock temperatures from 3000 to 20 000 K. The system is modular, and in general consists of six photomultiplier tubes and two linear intensified diode array/spectrograph systems which can cover the range from 250 to 800 nm. Extension of the pyrometer’s capabilities into the ultraviolet is necessary for accurate measurements above 8000 K. The nature of the shock environment requires the photomultiplier tubes to have rise times on the order of 2 ns, with a typical experiment lasting between 20 and 500 ns. The system measures absolute intensity, and is calibrated against a known tungsten lamp prior to each experiment. The highest temperature measured was 18 300 K for fluid Xe. The targets needed to contain this type of cryogenic sample are described as well.