Abstract
On November 26, the National Labor Relations Board (NLRB) ruled that interns and residents in private hospitals are considered under federal law to be employees, rather than students, and therefore have the right to form unions and engage in collective bargaining. This ruling overturned a controversial 1976 decision by the NLRB that blocked the house staff at Cedars–Sinai Medical Center in Los Angeles from organizing a union.1 After the 1976 ruling, several private hospitals that had previously recognized collective-bargaining rights of their residents withdrew their recognition of house-staff unions. At the same time, however, residents at public institutions, who were . . .

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