Arthrobacters: Successful arid soil bacteria: A review

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Abstract
Bacteria of the genus Arthrobacter are very common in soils and often constitute an important fraction of the rhizosphere microflora. A main feature of arthrobacters is their nutritional versatility coupled with the ability to grow in simple media utilizing a wide range of compounds as a source of carbon and nitrogen. Research with continuous cultures has contributed to the clarification of some of the mechanisms regulating the growth and metabolism of Arthrobacter, such as the control of morphogenesis, the macromolecular variation during the growth cycle, response of respiratory activity to oxygen, and interactions with other microorganisms in the rhizosphere. The low minimum growth rate, the accumulation of a large amount of reserve material, the rapid and drastic decrease in endogenous metabolism and the long survival times during starvation, the high resistance to desiccation in soil, and the small spheroidal shape of cells under conditions of nutrient depletion might be the bases for the ecological prominence of Arthrobacter in arid soils.

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