On the electron optics of magnetically focused image tubes: II. The focusing of individual electrons in non-uniform electric and magnetic fields

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Abstract
A study of individual electron trajectories in non-uniform electric and magnetic fields is used to show how these fields modify the perfect focusing found when the fields are uniform. A clear connection is found between geometrical distortion and defocusing, and it is shown that astigmatism will occur. A discussion of the means of generating each of the fields shows that the electric field is likely to produce the larger effect in practice.