Time Course of Early Response to Chemotherapy in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Patients with 18F-FDG PET/CT

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Abstract
PET and 18F-FDG have the potential to follow the early metabolic response to chemotherapy in patients with non–small cell lung cancer and to predict success or failure of the therapy. Methods: We studied 16 patients with non–small cell lung cancer as they followed 2 courses of docetaxel and carboplatin. Each patient was studied weekly for 7 wk, and tissue activity was assessed by the amount of radioactivity retained 90 min after the intravenous injection of 18F-FDG. In a prospective analysis, the linear least-squares method was used to evaluate the time course of metabolic activity in tumor and liver, bone marrow, and unaffected lung tissues; a metabolic response was defined as a response in which the slope of the regression was negative and significantly different from zero. Our hypothesis was that patients who exhibited a tumor metabolic response would survive longer than those who did not. In a retrospective examination of our data, we grouped our patients into those who survived 6 mo and in whom chemotherapy was presumably successful. Conclusion: Patients with non–small cell lung cancer who had a positive outcome, as exhibited by prolonged survival, were those who showed a tumor metabolic response assessed using weekly 18F-FDG PET studies. 18F-FDG PET studies performed at 1 and 3 wk after the initiation of chemotherapy allowed prediction of the response to therapy.

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