Studies on Water Excretion Following Intravenous Hydration and the Administration of Pitressin or Nicotine in Congestive Heart Failure

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Abstract
The diuretic response to intravenous infusions of 5 per cent glucose in water and the antidiuretic response to intravenous injections of nicotine salicylate and aqueous Pitressin, during maximal water diuresis, were studied in normal subjects and patients in congestive failure of varying severity. Patients in moderately severe congestive failure exhibited normal diuretic responses during the periods of intravenous hydration and normal antidiuretic responses following nicotine or Pitressin injections. Patients in more severe congestive failure failed to achieve comparable diuretic responses, following intravenous hydration; in the course of this, signs of increasing congestive failure developed, which were associated with further decrease in urine flows, at times, without any further decrease in renal hemodynamics. These studies confirm the impression that patients in moderate congestive failure have neither increased sensitivity to, nor reduced ability to, inactivate endogenous or exogenous antidiuretic hormone. In addition, the observation, that patients in more severe failure do not achieve adequate water diuresis during intravenous hydration, suggests that sustained production of antidiuretic production, independent of normal osmoreceptor control, may be contributing to their fluid retention.