Experimental and Analytical Studies of Pteridophytes: XXXVIII. Some Observations on Spiral and Bijugate Phyllotaxis in Dryopteris aristata Druce

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Abstract
In an attempt to assess some of the factors which determine leaf arrangement at the shoot apex, a study has been made of phyllotaxis in the fern Dryopteris aristata. It is shown that clockwise and counter-clockwise spirals occur with equal frequency both in field collections and in adventitious and experimentally induced buds which arise on the rhizomes and apices of plants grown in the laboratory. In addition to the two common spiral arrangements, a form with bijugate phyllotaxis has been noted. It is concluded that the three types of leaf arrangement are not under direct genetic control, but rather are dependent on circumstances of growth at the apex.

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