Dose–response of initial G2-chromatid breaks induced in normal human fibroblasts by heavy ions

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Abstract
Purpose : To investigate initial chromatid breaks in prematurely condensed G2 chromosomes following exposure to heavy ions of different LET. Material and methods : Exponentially growing human fibroblast cells AG1522 were irradiated with γ-rays, energetic carbon (13 keV/ μ m, 80keV/ μ m), silicon (55 keV/ μ m) and iron (140 keV/ μ m, 185keV/ μ m, 440keV/ μ m) ions. Chromosomes were prematurely condensed using calyculin-A. Initial chromatid-type and isochromatid breaks in G2 cells were scored. Results : The dose-response curves for total chromatid breaks were linear regardless of radiation type. The relative biological effectiveness (RBE) showed a LET-dependent increase, peaking around 2.7 at 55-80 keV/ μ m and decreasing at higher LET. The dose-response curves for isochromatid-type breaks were linear for high-LET radiations, but linear-quadratic for γ-rays and 13 keV/ μ m carbon ions. The RBE for the induction of isochromatid breaks obtained from linear components increased rapidly between 13 keV/ μ m (about 7) and 80 keV/ μ m carbon (about 71), and decreased gradually until 440keV/ μ m iron ions (about 66). Conclusions : High-LET radiations are more effective at inducing isochromatid breaks, while low-LET radiations are more effective at inducing chromatid-type breaks. The densely ionizing track structures of heavy ions and the proximity of sister chromatids in G2 cells result in an increase in isochromatid breaks.