Dynamin Is Membrane-Active: Lipid Insertion Is Induced by Phosphoinositides and Phosphatidic Acid

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Abstract
Dynamin is a large GTPase involved in the regulation of membrane constriction and fission during receptor-mediated endocytosis. Dynamin contains a pleckstrin-homology domain which is essential for endocytosis and which binds to anionic phospholipids. Here, we show for the first time that dynamin is a membrane-active molecule capable of penetrating into the acyl chain region of membrane lipids. Lipid penetration is strongly stimulated by phosphatidic acid (PA), phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate, and phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate. Though binding is more efficient in the presence of the phosphoinositides, a much larger part of the dynamin molecule penetrates into PA-containing mixed-lipid systems. Thus, local lipid metabolism will dramatically influence dynamin−lipid interactions, and dynamin−lipid interactions are likely to play an important role in dynamin-dependent endocytosis. Our data suggest that dynamin is directly involved in membrane destabilization, a prerequisite to membrane fission.

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