Extrinsic vs intrinsic labeling of the calcium in whole-wheat flour

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Abstract
Fractional absorption of calcium from bread made either from intrinsically or extrinsically labeled wholewheat flour was compared in 11 healthy adult women. The intrinsic label was provided by 45Ca injected individually into stems of wheat plants during growth. The extrinsic tag was introduced by adding 45Ca to unlabeled flour via the water used in dough making. The two labeled breads were tested in a randomized crossover design using a standardized breakfast administered after an overnight fast. Approximately 80 g labeled bread was consumed by each subject, providing a total calcium load of 13.3 mg. Fractional absorption from the intrinsically labeled bread averaged 0.812 ± 0.130 (x̄ ± SE) and from the extrinsically labeled bread 0.792 ± 0.113. The mean difference, within subject, was only 0.025 ± 0.016 and was not significantly different from zero. Extrinsic labeling of the calcium of whole-wheat flour results in a degree of labeling homogeneity equivalent to that of intrinsic labeling, at least for a leavened bread product.