In search of ethical guidance: constructing a basis for dialogue1

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Abstract
This paper focuses on protecting human subjects in qualitative research. The standards of informed consent, avoidance of harm, and confidentiality are critiqued from utilitarian, deonto‐logical, relational, and ecological perspectives. Utilitarian ethics appraise moral reasoning on the basis of its positive and negative consequences. Deontological ethics consider whether or not research procedures conform to accepted codes of behavior. Relational ethics suggest that research be informed primarily by respect and consideration for those we seek to understand. Ecological ethics place an emphasis on the interdependent nature of relationships, striving to situate moral decisions within their broadest possible context.

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