Forests of Cedrus libani were studied in 4 localities. They occur mostly on north and west slopes between 1400 and 1800 m. Typically they are nearly pure stands, but at Ehden Cedrus shares dominance with Quercus cerris and Q. infectoria. In the extreme north Abies cilicica replaces Cedrus on moister, west slopes. Cedrus develops best on calcareous soils but also occurs on siliceous soils, where the trees are smaller and the accompanying vegetation is very different. Little regeneration occurs within pure stands, but nearby Quercus scrub or woodland provides suitable habitat for Cedrus reproduction.