Inhibition of peptidyl-prolyl cis/trans isomerase activity by substrate analog structures: thioxo tetrapeptide-4-nitroanilides

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Abstract
The ubiquitous cyclophilins belong to peptidyl-prolyl cis/trans isomerases (PPIases; EC 5.2.1.8). They are able to catalyze the cis/trans isomerization about peptidyl-prolyl amide bonds. The mode of action of human cytosolic cyclophilin (Cyp18cy) has been studied on substrate analog tetrapeptide-4-nitroanilides containing the thioxo peptidyl-prolyl bond. Five peptides of the general structure Ala-Xaa-psi [CS-N]-Pro-Phe-NH-Np (Xaa = Gly, Ala, (S)-2-aminobutyric acid, Phe, and Leu) containing the thioxo peptidyl-prolyl bond were synthesized. The kcat values for the chymotryptic cleavage of 4-nitroanilide bond of the thioxo tetrapeptide-4-nitroanilides ranged from 1.7 to 9.0 s-1 and were sufficiently high to analyze the conformational equilibria by isomer-specific proteolysis. The rate constants of the cis/trans isomerization of the thioxo peptidyl-prolyl bond were found to be 25-100-fold lower due to the O/S substitution. Cyp18cy binds both thioxo peptides and oxo peptides in similar manner in the active center but cannot utilize the sulfur analogs as substrates. Instead, competitive inhibition occurs, which was further characterized for Ala-Gly-psi[CS-N]-Pro-Phe-NH-Np. The inhibition was nearly independent of the pH value in the range of pH 4.5-9, exhibiting apparent Ki values ranging from 200 to 600 microM. In comparison to Ala-Gly-trans-psi[CS-N]-Pro-Phe-NH-Np, the cis thioxo peptide Ala-Gly-cis-psi[CS-N]-Pro-Phe-NH-Np was found to possess an approximately 30-fold higher affinity for the active site of the enzyme. Thus, in the presence of stoichiometric amounts of Cyp18cy, the total amount of Ala-Leu-cis-psi[CS-N]-Pro-Phe-NH-Np in solution, detectable by isomer-specific proteolysis, was considerably enhanced.

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