Population Density of Aphelinus mali1 , a Parasite of Eriosoma lanigerum2 in Iraq

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Abstract
Aphelinus male (Hald.) and its host, the woolly apple aphid, Eriosoma lanigerum (Hausm.), were studied in Iraq in 2 unsprayed apple orchards with different cultural practices during 1974–75. Aphid population increased in late Mar., peaked in Apr. and the 1st wk of May, and then declined sharply and stayed low until Sept. A 2nd peak occurred in Nov. and Dec., followed by a decline during Jan. and Feb. Adult parasites began their activity during the 1st wk of Apr. Parasitization was high on both branches and trunks in Orchard 1 which had no regular pruning but was planted with clover. Parasitization was higher on branches than on trunks in Orchard 2 with regular pruning but without clover. This study showed that parasite activity was very much synchronized with its host and could be utilized successfully to control the aphid in Iraq.

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