Spatial and Temporal Patterns in the Recovery of Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae) Populations After Insecticide Treatment

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Abstract
Given that tools for dengue emergency control are limited, continuous evaluation of the effectiveness of insecticide applications in the field is of utmost importance. Such studies will provide a sound basis for defining spraying schemes for public health authorities in dengue-affected countries. In this article, we address the following research questions: How do different space spraying strategies affect Aedes aegypti (L.) (Diptera: Culicidae) populations in both space and time? More specifically, how well are these mosquitoes killed, and how quickly do their populations recover and from where? Field trials were carried out with ultralow volume sprayers in Kamphaeng Phet province, Thailand, with a pyrethrin mixture that was applied 1) indoors only, 2) indoors plus outdoors, 3) indoors with a doubled spraying time, and 4) indoors with doubled spraying time plus outdoors. We found that within 7 d, Ae. aegypti populations recovered to approximately 50% of their original numbers. Spraying the outdoor area and doubling the time sprayed per room only had a significant impact on mosquito numbers 1 d after spraying. Two and 7 d after spraying, these effects were no longer detected. By investigating the spatial arrangement of Ae. aegypti numbers, we found that during the first 2 d after spraying immigration from untreated areas extended approximately 15 m into the sprayed area, whereas after 7 d this effect extended up to 50 m. Results are discussed in relation to ongoing dengue control efforts in Thailand.