Further studies of perception of the upright when the direction of the force acting on the body is changed.

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Abstract
The effect of rotation upon perception of the position of the body and of the surrounding visual field was investigated. The subject sat in a small enclosed room which moved around a circular track, and he was required on some trials to "straighten" the room (i.e. the visual field) if it appeared tilted and on other trials to "straighten" his body if it felt tilted. Adjustment of the body was made both with and without a visual field. Data were obtained for four rates of rotation. It was found that during rotation both room and body usually had to be tilted from the true upright toward the center of rotation to be perceived as upright. The body was tilted much less when an upright field was present than without a field. In general when an objectively upright field was present the percieved upright was located closer to the vertical of the field (i.e., the true upright) than to the direction of the displaced force acting on the body, whereas without a field it was placed closer to the force on the body. With increase in rate of rotation there occurred an increase in magnitude of shift of the perceived upright from the true upright Marked individual differences were found under conditions of conflicting visual and postural standards in the extent to which subjects located the upright according to one standard or the other. Differences between men and women were also found, with women being more influenced by the visual field in their perception of the upright.
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