The interaction of iron and ascorbic acid with lead in the chick

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Abstract
Three experiments were conducted with chicks to examine the effects of dietary iron and ascorbic acid on the accumulation of lead in various organs. Lead was fed as PbCl2, 500 or 1000 ppm Pb, iron as FeSO4·7H2O, 1000 ppm Fe, and ascorbic acid at 0.5%. Iron was effective in reducing the accumulation of lead in the femur and kidneys at both levels of lead. Ascorbic acid reduced the lead level in the kidneys when the concentration of lead in the diet was 500 ppm, but not at 1000 ppm. The effects of ascorbic acid on bone accumulation was variable. In two experiments the lead concentration was increased and in one it was decreased. These findings may reflect two influences of ascorbic acid found by others, namely an increase in absorption and an increase in urinary excretion. The rapid accumulation of lead in chick bones suggests that it may be an excellent experimental animal for lead studies.