Abstract
One of the central causes of change in the welfare state has been the changing economic role and employment behaviour of women, especially of married women. Factors related to gender are the key to explaining labour‐market variation among developed countries. In explaining how women's presence has transformed labour markets in 23 OECD countries, the chapter draws on a wide range of possible factors, including policy packages, historical trends, and cultural norms about the family and women's roles. The analysis is based on a three‐fold model that includes supply, demand, and country‐specific contextual factors.

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