THE TRANSPORTATION AND ELIMINATION OF ORGANIC DYES BY THE ANIMAL ORGANISM

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Abstract
Dyes (31) were injected intravenously into rats, dogs, and rabbits to determine what body membranes they can permeate. Twenty-four of the dyes were eliminated in the urine. Three fat-soluble dyes[long dash]yellow AB, yellow OB, and oil yellow[long dash]conjugated, thereby becoming water-soluble. Dinitroresorcin and carmine, fat- and water-insoluble dyes, were the only ones not found in the bile. Amaranth, martius yellow and methyl violet, water-soluble dyes of unlike chemical structure, appeared in the pancreatic juice. None of the dyes was ever found in the saliva either after stimulation of the salivary glands by pilocarpin or after electrical stimulation of the chorda tympani. The salivary glands were actually functioning, and injected iodide always appeared in the saliva. Naphthol yellow S, crystal violet, methyl violet, and ethyl violet stained the mucosa of the stomach and upper and lower intestinal tracts. Cerebrospinal fluid was always free from the dyes or leuco bases. Of 19 dyes tested for their presence in the thoracic lymph, all except 3 appeared. Dyes were not found in the humors of the eye unless the fluid had been previously withdrawn and allowed to re-accumulate; humor reformed rapidly. Five of 7 dyes deeply stained the newly formed fluid. "Capillary poisons," histamine and peptone, did not change the normal path of excretion of alkali blue and ethyl violet. The body membranes showed different degrees of permeability. No constant chemical or physical property was found which explained this difference. The basic fat soluble dyes were eliminated in the urine and bile, the acid ones in the bile only. The ability to conjugate a dye with another group in the body may be an important factor in its manner of elimination. Functional activity of salivary glands was produced by electrical stimulation of the chorda tympani and by administration of pilocarpin. Dyes were not secreted even when the salivary glands were active. It was not determined whether functional activity plays a part in elimination of dyes by other glands and membranes.

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