Non‐steady State nucleation in the formation of isotropic and anisotropic phases

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Abstract
The role of non‐steady state nucleation in the formation of crystalline phases is studied theoretically applying the basic concepts of the theory of crystal growth. It is shown that the impediments associated with the incorporation of molecules from the ambient phase in the crystaline nuclei lead to much longer time lags than in the case of isotropic nuclei. This predicts considerable differences in the kinetics of crystalline and liquid nucleus formation which modify in some degree the interpretation of Ostwald's rule of stages. The treatment is applied to the following special cases of phase transitions: crystallization from the vapour phase, from undercooled melt, from supersaturated solutions and electrolytic nucleation of metals on inert electrodes. Some experimental data are reviewed.
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