Generation of envelope and hole solitons in an experimental transmission line

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Abstract
We study the generation of nonlinear modulated waves in an experimental electrical transmission line. Our theoretical analysis, based on the nonlinear Schrödinger equation, predicts three frequency regions with different behavior concerning the modulational instability of a plane wave. These predictions are confirmed by our experiments which show that, between two modulationally stable frequency bands where hole solitons can be generated, there is a third band, where spontaneous or induced modulational instability occurs and where envelope solitons exist. The experimental shapes of both hole and envelope solitons are well fitted by the theoretical waveforms, which take into account the damping due to the components.