The Explorer and the Assimilator: A Cognitive Style Distinction and Its Potential Implications for Innovative Problem Solving

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Abstract
Kaufmann, G. 1979. The Explorer and the Assimilator: A Cognitive Style Distinction and Its Potential Implications for Innovative Problem Solving. Scandinavian Journal of Educational Research 23, 101‐108. A novel cognitive style distinction is introduced: The Assimilator is presumed to be guided by a Rational (R) strategy which is seen essentially to consist in stretching established principles as far as possible in coping with novel tasks. In contrast, the Explorer spontaneously seeks novel solution alternatives, even in problem situations that are easily mastered through the application of a standard principle. The assets and liabilities of these different approaches in problem solving are discussed, with special reference to innovation. It is hypothesized that the Explorer in this respect is in a more profitable position. A modified version of Luchin's Einstellung‐situation provided the empirical basis for distinguishing between Assimilators and Explorers and allowed for a validation of the theoretical assumptions. The results clearly supported the hypotheses of the experiment. Finally, theoretical and practical implications of the findings are discussed and some suggestions for further research are made.

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