Metabolites of Lactose Synthesis in Milk from Women During Established Lactation

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Abstract
Summary: Metabolites in the lactose synthesis pathway were measured in human milk during established lactation. The mean concentrations (range) were: lactose, 198 m M (175–233); glucose, 1.5 m M (0.1–2.4); glucose 6-phosphate, 11 μ M (4–23); glucose 1-phosphate, 2.7 μ M (1.6–6.8); UDP-glucose, 2.7 μ M (0.6–6.0); UDP-galactose, 0.7 μ M (M (0.8–2.9). During storage of milk within the breast for 2 h, glucose 6-phosphate concentration increased by 1.4 ± 0.5 μ M, while UDP-glucose decreased by 1.0 ± 0.4 μ M. None of the other metabolites showed significant changes in concentration during this period. Only glucose showed a circadian rhythm in concentration, with the highest concentrations between 1400 and 1800 h. The volumes of milk produced by the mothers ranged from 178 to 1,739 ml/24 h. Despite this variation, there were no significant relationships between the 24-h average concentrations of glucose, glucose 6-phosphate, glucose 1-phosphate, UDP-glucose, UDP-galactose, or inorganic phosphate and the amount of lactose produced over 24 h.

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