THE ANNUAL INVITATION LECTURE. GENETIC DIVERSITY, GENETIC UNIFORMITY, AND HETEROSIS

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Abstract
This paper is an attempt to reconcile the growing evidence for gene stability (based on the analysis of protein structure) with that for genetic diversity within populations (based on the evidence for the frequent adaptive superiority of heterozygotes). It suggests that higher organisma may need more independently operating regulative systems for structural genes than they can construct. In this case, heterozygosity for controlling elements in diploid organisms offers a means for increasing the number of regulative systems by decreasing the probability that a gene locus will be inactivated by chance.

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