Development and Application of New Parenteral Adjuvants

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Abstract
Summary: The relative antigenic potencies of influenza vaccine emulsified in various oils have been compared using a guinea pig assay system. Primary antibody responses were significantly elevated with 50% W/O emulsions of the plant oils, peanut, sesame and chaulmoogra, whereas preparations with poppyseed and safflower were without noticeable effect. In contrast, all oils tested were effective in elevating a secondary response, indicating that some degree of antigenic sensitization occurred even in the absence of any primary adjuvant effect. Maximal titers were obtained with mineral oil (Drakeol) emulsions, while intermediate responses were noted with a synthetic oil, ethyl oleate, and an animal oil preparation, lantrol. Addition of hexadecylamine to emulsions did not produce a synergistic effect.