Transmembrane Interactions in the Activation of the Neu Receptor Tyrosine Kinase

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Abstract
The Neu receptor tyrosine kinase is constitutively activated by a single amino acid change in the transmembrane domain of the receptor. The mutation of Val664 to glutamate or glutamine induces receptor dimerization and autophosphorylation of the receptor's intracellular kinase domain. The ability of this single mutation to activate the receptor is sequence-dependent, suggesting that specific helix−helix interactions stabilize the transmembrane dimer. We have determined the local secondary structure and interhelical contacts in the region of position 664 in peptide models of the activated receptor using solid-state rotational resonance and rotational echo double-resonance (REDOR) NMR methods. Intrahelical 13C rotational resonance distance measurements were made between 1-13C-Thr662 and 2-13C-Gly665 on peptides corresponding to the wild-type Neu and activated Neu* transmembrane sequences containing valine and glutamate at position 664, respectively. We observed similar internuclear distances (4.5 ± 0.2 Å) in both Neu and Neu*, indicating that the region near residue 664 is helical and is not influenced by mutation. Interhelical 15N···13C REDOR measurements between Gln664 side chains on opposing helices were not consistent with hydrogen bonding between the side chain functional groups. However, interhelical rotational resonance measurements between 1-13C-Glu664 and 2-13C-Gly665 and between 1-13C-Gly665 and 2-13C-Gly665 demonstrated close contacts (4.3−4.5 Å) consistent with the packing of Gly665 in the Neu* dimer interface. These measurements provide structural constraints for modeling the transmembrane dimer and define the rotational orientation of the transmembrane helices in the activated receptor.