The Conditional Effect of Social Class on the Dropout-Delinquency Relationship

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Abstract
The analysis in this study tests the proposition that middle-class dropouts are more likely to engage in delinquency as a result of dropping out than lower class dropouts. This article also seeks to test social control and strain theory explanations for the observed dropout-delinquency relationships. This is done by examining the intervening processes as specified by, and which are unique to, each theory. Using data from a large-scale nationally representative probability sample, the analysis examines differences in the likelihood of offending based on the reasons for dropping out and across the two social class groups (distinguished in terms of their position relative to the poverty line). Results support the position that dropping out is more likely to be associated with higher levels of involvement in delinquency for middle-class than for lower-class youths. In addition, support for strain theory or social control theory is dependent on the reasons for dropping out of school. Implications of these results are discussed.