All-Electronic 1-Cycle Carrier-Relaying Equipment - Relay Operating Principles [includes discussion]

Abstract
The all-electronic carrier-relaying equipment provides ultrahigh-speed directional- comparison carrier relaying. The inherent limitation of inertia in electromechanical devices is eliminated by complete electronic substitution in fault detecting and directional discriminating functions, as well as in auxiliary functions for control of carrier and circuit-breaker tripping. Other auxiliary functions, where the required speed is well within the range of mechanical devices, are performed by telephone-type auxiliaries. The application of electronics to the field of protective relays has a wide horizon. It is practicable to design circuits which will perform the measurements and make the decisions which have been the tasks of electromechanical devices in the past. Just as electronic computers make more efficient use of valuable calculating time, so electronic relays speed up the operations necessary in maintaining system stability in modern high-voltage transmission systems.

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