Multitrophic interactions and management of the diamondback moth: a review

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Abstract
The diamondback moth,Plutella xylostellaLinnaeus (Yponomeutidae), remains one of the most serious pests of crucifers in many parts of the world, particularly in South East Asia. This paper reviews the wide array of strategies which have been used in attempts to controlP. xylostellaover the last 40 years and consolidates the fragmented and sometimes hard-to-access literature on two and three level trophic interactions (e.g. host plant—herbivore, herbivore—natural enemy and host plant-herbivore—natural enemy interactions) involving the pest. Special reference is made to studies and examples from South East Asia, and in particular Malaysia, whereP. xylostellaand its primary parasitoids have been well studied owing to the great economic significance of the pest in this region. It is suggested that a multitrophic approach to research may assist in the development of more sustainable methods for the management ofP. xylostellaand overcome some of the problems inherent with insecticide-intensive methods.