An experimental investigation of thermosolutal convection at marginal stability

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Abstract
Experiments are described in which the stability of a liquid stabilized by a gradient of concentration of a solute has been investigated. In all the cases observed, convection began at marginal stability with an oscillatory motion. The boundary of stability in the (R, Rs)-plane departs somewhat from that predicted by the simplest theories; the boundary is a curve, concave to the origin, and the critical Rayleigh number is high. The total rate of transport of solute increases much more rapidly than that of heat when the oscillations begin. The motions begin in cells which are separate from one another.