Oxygen method for calculation of right to left shunt: new application in presence of right to left shunting through the ductus arteriosus

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Abstract
The usual shunt equation has been misapplied to the calculation of shunts when a right to left ductal shunt may be present — for example, respiratory distress syndrome. New equations are derived and discussed which correctly estimate the percentage of the total cardiac output which is shunted, even in the presence of a right to left ductal shunt.