Crack Band Based Model for FEM Analysis of Concrete Structures

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Abstract
The paper presents a theory for a fracture energy based finite element model for reinforced concrete capable of following strain‐softening process both in tension and compression. The element describing concrete behavior is based on a crack band concept with a crack band area parameter employed to maintain objectivity for irregular meshes. A variable shear reduction factor is used to account for shear stiffness changes due to the formation of crack bands. No restriction is placed on the number and direction of strain‐softening planes crossing an element. The implication of this feature is discussed in detail. Some existing crack‐band models with more restrictive features are shown to be particular cases of this more general formulation. A tension‐softening steel element that accounts for effects of local bond slip of reinforcement is described. The performance of the model is demonstrated via examples. These show good agreement between experimental behavior and theoretical prediction.

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