Influence of Extraoral Xylitol and Sucrose Dippings on Enamel Demineralization in vivo

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Abstract
This paper describes the effect of xylitol on demineralized enamel in plaque-free and plaque-covered conditions in vivo. Fissure-like plaque retention grooves were created in 66 human enamel blocks and demineralized in vitro. The blocks were mounted in a prosthesis of 11 participants, who used a 2.5% xylitol, a 2.5% sucrose solution or water extraorally in a randomized cross-over design, for three periods of 16 days. The participants submerged the prosthesis twice a day in the solution during 5 min. Mineral loss and lesion depth were measured before and after the in vivo experiment, using quantitative microradiography and polarized light microscopy. Lesion depth at the surface enamel was ± 45 μm, at the wall of the grooves ± 30 μm and at the bottom of the grooves ± 50 μm before the experiment. After 16 days the lesion depth at the wall of the grooves was ± 40 μm and at the bottom of the grooves ± 75 μm. In the grooves no differences were found between the xylitol, the sucrose and the water treatment. At the surface enamel a significant reduction of enamel demineralization was found after the xylitol dippings. The lesion depth at the surface enamel increased 17 μm after the sucrose treatment and 7 μm after the xylitol treatment. The mineral loss after the sucrose and the water treatment were both approximately three times higher than the mineral loss after the xylitol treatment.

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