Survival of Plant Tissue at Super-Low Temperature III. Relation between Effective Prefreezing Temperatures and the Degree of Front Hardiness

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Abstract
It has been found that twigs of woody plants from which almost all of the freezable water in the cells has previously been withdrawn by sufficient extracellular freezing (prefreezing) can survive immersion in liquid N or liquid He. It has also been demonstrated that the effective prefreezing temperatures which are effective in maintaining the via-bility of twings differed considerably in different species in the te-perature range from -15 to -30cC. In the same species, it varied with seasonal fluctuation in frost-hardiness. Also, in twigs artificially hardened or dehardened, the effective pre-freezing temperature ranged from -15 to -30C according to the degree of frost-hardiness. In every experiment, it was observed that the greater the frost-hardiness, the higher the effective prefreezing temperature. Therefore, the effective prefreezing temperature can be used as a reliable indication of the degree of frost-hardiness in highly hardy plants which can withstand freezing below -70C. Besides, in sufficiently prefrozen twigs, no harmful effects were observed, regardless of the rewarming velocity which followed removal from the liquid N.

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