Shallow-Water Propagation in the Arctic Ocean

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Abstract
Dispersion characteristics of underwater sound on the Arctic continental shelf north of Alaska were investigated at ranges between 2 and 250 km and for frequencies between 3 and 250 cps. Explosive charges were used as sources, and geophones were used as detectors. Observations were interpreted in terms of normal-mode theory, and good agreement between theory and experiment was found for both phase and group velocity. Portions of the first and second modes were recognized at all ranges, and, at short ranges, “leaking modes,” associated with the ice layer, were also noted. For long ranges, the water wave amplitude varied as the −1.85 power of range.

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