Incorporation of [2−14C]mevalonic acid into phytoene by isolated chloroplasts

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Abstract
1. Chloroplasts prepared by the non-aqueous technique will, after fragmentation by ultrasonic treatment, incorporate [2−14C]mevalonic acid into phytoene, the first C40 compound formed in the biosynthetic sequence to coloured carotenoids. 2. With suspensions containing 3·5mg. of chlorophyll, the optimum amounts of cofactor required were ATP (10μmoles), magnesium chloride (20μmoles) and glutathione (20μmoles); neither NAD+ nor NADP+ was required. 3. Very small amounts of squalene are also formed and synthesis is stimulated by addition of NADH or NADPH. Phytoene synthesis was not affected by the presence of these cofactors and no lycopersene (the C40 homologue of squalene) was detected. 4. The phytol side chain of chlorophyll is also labelled under these conditions. 5. Preparations of developing chloroplasts are more active than preparations of mature chloroplasts.