Coherent Dynamics of Vortex Formation in Trapped Bose-Einstein Condensates

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Abstract
Simulations of a rotationally stirred condensate show that a regime of simple behavior occurs in which a single vortex cycles in and out of the condensate. We present a simple quantitative model of this behavior, which accurately describes the full vortex dynamics, including a critical angular speed of stirring for vortex formation. A method for experimentally preparing a condensate in a central vortex state is suggested.