Theories of « subharmonic » gap structures in superconducting junctions

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Abstract
Two possible explanations of the subharmonic gap structures are presented : multiparticle tunneling and self-coupling. 1) Multiparticle tunneling yields the subharmonic gap structure and the microwave induced satellites. It also yields the observed power dependence for the satellites. 2) The ac Josephson current excites an rf voltage across the junction with the Josephson frequency. Microwave assisted tunneling due to this rf voltage could account for some of the subharmonic gap structure with the observed power dependence. In order to get all the structure one has to include pair-breaking due to the ac voltage