Stress Concentrations Near Holes in Laminates

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Abstract
Stress concentration factors are determined using a three-dimensional finite-element analysis for laminated composites pierced by circular, square, and diamond-shaped holes. Both angle-ply and bidirectional laminates are investigated for hole size to width-of-strip ratios from 0.125 to 0.417. Normal stress concentrations are found to be the least for square holes and greatest for diamond-shaped holes. Interlaminar shear stress concentrations, which cannot be determined by a two-dimensional analysis, are as large at the hole surface as those at the free edge when angle-ply laminates are utilized and the holes are large. For small circular holes, angle-ply (±45) laminates are recommended. When large holes are present, bidirectional (90/0) laminates are shown to be more efficient.

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