Development of a questionnaire for the assessment of active and passive coping strategies in chronic pain patients

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Abstract
Ernally reliable scales, Active Coping and Passive Coping, were derived using factor analytic techniques from a sample of 361 rheumatoid arthritis patients. The 2 scales showed an opposite pattern of relationships with criterion measures. While Active Coping was associated with reports of less pain, less depression, less functional impairment, and higher general self-efficacy, Passive Coping was correlated with reports of greater depression, greater pain and flare-up activity, greater functional impairment, and lower general self-efficacy. The relationship of these scales to previous theory and research on coping is presented. These scales appear useful for the assessment of coping strategies in clinical settings and in treatment outcome research on chronic pain. Correspondence to: G.K. Brown, Health Care Research Project, School of Nursing, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37240, U.S.A. (Received 30 July 1986; revised received 5 January 1987; accepted 25 March 1987.( © Lippincott-Raven Publishers....