The food habits, population structure and distribution of N. pilsbryi were studied in Piney Creek, Izard County, Arkansas [USA]. Food items commonly used included larval aquatic insects and drift items of terrestrial origin. Many of the stomachs also contained algae. Stomachs were relatively full from 0600-2400 h; no bimodal peak of feeding was noted. Populations were dominated by age 0 and I fish, but some individuals were in their 4th yr. The duskystripe shiner was most common at downstream stations in the watershed; numbers of individuals and percent of N. pilsbryi per collection were correlated very significantly with stream order. Mean weight of individuals exhibited a negative correlation with stream order.